Climate Change Negotiations

First Amendment Act, 1951

Empowered the state to make special provision for advancement of socially and economically backward classes Provided for the saving of laws providing for acquisition of the State, etc. Added ninth schedule to protect the land reform and other laws included in it and judicial review Added three more ground of restrictions on freedom of speech and expression viz., public order, friendly relations with foreign states and incitement to an offence. Also made the restriction reasonable and justiciable in nature Provided that state trading and nationalization of any trade or business by state is not to be invalid on the ground of violation of the right to trade or business

Aadhaar : Key Features

The National Identification Authority of India (NIAI) will issue identification number (called "Aadhaar" number) to residents of India and any other category of people that may be specified. The NIAI shall have a chairperson and two part-time members. Aadhaar Numbers Every resident of India (regardless of citizenship) shall be entitled to obtain an Aadhaar number after furnishing demographic and biometric information. Demographic information shall include items such as name, age, gender and address. Biometric information shall include some biological attributes of the individual. Collection of information pertaining to race, religion, caste, language, income or health is specifically prohibited. The Aadhaar number shall be issued after the information provided by the person is verified. It shall serve as proof of identity, subject to authentication. However, it should not be construed as proof of citizenship or domicile. The Aadhaar number holder may be required t...

The Copenhagen Summit

Background The negotiating process on climate change revolves around the sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP), which meets every year to review the implementation of the Convention. This year this process culminates in Copenhagen. At Bali, Parties agreed to jointly step up international efforts to combat climate change and get to an agreed outcome in Copenhagen in 2009. Thus, an ambitious climate change deal will be clinched to follow on the first phase of the UN’s Kyoto Protocol, which expires in 2012. Why is a deal so important? We know the world is warming, on average by 0.74ºC during the past century, with most of that since 1970. The IPCC has reported regularly on climate change science for 20 years. Its last report was “unequivocal” that climate change is with us, and is set to get drastically worse unless we take urgent action. Nature, through both oceans and forests, currently absorbs ab...

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